INCIDENCE

The estimated prevalence of CTS is 4-5% of the population.
CTS usually affects people between 40 and 60 years.

ABOUT THE CONDITION

1. Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a condition in the wrist. It is caused by compression, traction, pinching, squeezing or irritation of the median nerve, while it runs through the transverse carpal ligament.
2. The median nerve runs from the forearm to the palm side of the hand. It controls sensations to the palm side of the thumb and fingers, except for the little finger. It also allows the fingers and thumb to move.
3. The CT is very rigid and narrow, so a little swelling of the tendons causes a lot of compression on the median nerve.
   Carpal tunnel syndrome generally starts with tingling or numbness in the thumb, the index finger, the middle finger, and the lateral half of the ring finger.
4. This sensation often appears while holding an object like a phone or steering wheel.
5. Symptoms develop gradually, as the disorder progresses, the feeling of tingling or numbness may become constant and patients may complain of burning pain. The final symptoms are weakness and atrophy of the muscles at the base of the thumb.
6. Probable risk factors for CTS include age, gender, diabetes, hypothyroidism, obesity, family history of CTS, menopause, and concurrent pathologies such as rheumatoid arthritis. Also, tobacco consumption and smoking can be risk factors.
7. A diagnostic procedure like EMG/NCV studies can determine if there is any muscle damage and can rule out other conditions.

TREATMENT

• Splint and activity modifications
• Soft tissue release or dry needling of the muscles along the course of the nerve to relieve the compression on the nerve is done.
• Neck joint mobilization to reduce neck stiffness which will help to free the nerve root.
• Median nerve gliding exercises are required to mobilize the nerve.
• Rigid taping for the wrist for relief in acute stage.
• Strengthening of scapular and wrist muscles to reduce the load on the muscles entrapping the nerve.